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Project for Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism
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1. Preventive mechanism against obesity/diabetes by exercise
Exercise training promotes the glucose and lipid metabolism in muscle and
improves the insulin resistance. This is because the accelerated glucose
metabolism would increase the expression of GLUT4 glucose transporter in
muscle, leading to the increased induction of glucose into muscle. In addition,
the increase of mitochondria facilitates the combustion of fatty acid,
which exerts the anti-obesity effects.
This study aims to explore the mechanism of GLUT4 transcriptional activation
and the increase of mitochondria, in order to explore the exercise-induced
preventive mechanism of obesity/diabetes.
2. Mechanism of anti-obesity effects by nutrients
In order to resolve obesity, it is necessary to increase the energy expenditure
in some tissues. It is regarded that energy of exercise, fish oil and conjugated
linolenic acid is expended in muscle, liver and fat tissues, respectively.
There are two ways to enhance the energy expenditure in mitchondria; one
is to increase the numbers of mitochondria to promote ATP synthesis, and
the other is to induce the uncoupling to promote the thermogenesis.
This study investigates in which tissues and by which method the energy
expenditure should be enhanced for the most effective obesity prevention.
In addition, the target tissues of green tea (catechin), soya and taurine
will be investigated, to explore how they expend the energy for exerting
the anti-obesity effects.
3. Mechanism of increase of VLDL and steatogenesis by diets rich in saturated fatty acid and carbohydrate, and development of their prevention.
High intake of saturated fatty acid, alcohol and carbohydrate would cause
the increase of triglyceride synthesis and VLDL secretion in the liver,
leading fatty liver, arteriosclerosis and obesity. This study explores
the mechanism of developing these diseases and preventive methods, using
the triglyceride synthase. |
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